PCOD (Polycystic Ovarian Disease): Causes, Symptoms, Diagnosis, Diet and Treatment
Polycystic ovary disease (PCOD) represents the most prevalent form of hormonal illness that is found in women throughout their reproductive life, in the age range of 12 to 45 years. It entails hormonal disruptions that disrupt normal ovulation and menstrual cycles. PCOD causes the ovaries to produce an excessive number of immature eggs, which do not discharge. The eggs then give rise to tiny fluid-filled bubbles, or cysts. The issue is increasingly widespread, particularly in cities, where the lack of physical activity, unhealthy diet, and stress are widespread. In India, it has been found that the prevalence of PCOD among women ranges between 9% and 22%, which is very high compared to other countries. PCOD may decrease fertility, change metabolic functions, and impact the physical appearance and well-being, though it is not life-threatening.
What is PCOD?
PCOS full form in medical – Polycystic Ovary Syndrome
Eggs are released monthly in a process known as ovulation and the ovaries also produce hormones, including oestrogen, progesterone and androgens. These hormones control menstrual cycles, aid pregnancy and provide hormonal balance. In PCOD ovaries start releasing more than one immature or partially mature egg in one cycle. The eggs either fail to mature or they may not be released and they build up in the ovaries in the form of cysts. The ovaries may enlarge and release excessive androgens, also referred to as male hormones. This overload influences the hormonal balance, leading to irregular periods, among other symptoms.
Hormonal Disproportions and Their Impact
High levels of androgen produce impairment in ovulation and may lead to several issues. You may notice irregular or missed periods, acne, oily skin, and increased facial or body hair. Others are a decrease in head hair, as well as an increase in weight, especially around the abdomen. Although both the conditions PCOD and PCOS (Polycystic Ovary Syndrome) are commonly used synonymously, PCOD is generally less critical. But still, it requires immediate medical treatment and lifestyle modifications. Untreated PCOD may cause infertility, lack of insulin sensitivity, type 2 diabetes, high cholesterol and heart diseases.
Common Symptoms of PCOD
Polycystic ovarian disease has various indicators of hormonal imbalance. The common pcos symptoms are:
- Irregular or missed periods due to failure of ovulation.
- Acne and oily skin caused by elevated androgen levels.
- Unwanted facial or body hair (hirsutism) and hair thinning on the scalp.
- Weight gain or difficulty losing weight despite healthy habits.
- Abdominal bloating or pelvic pain due to enlarged ovaries.
- Infertility, caused by irregular or absent ovulation.
Diagnosis of PCOD
No diagnostic test of PCOD is definitive. Rather, physicians use a medical history, physical examination, blood tests, and an ultrasound to diagnose. They examine patterns of menstruation, family history, and weight gain or loss. Hormone levels that are measured by blood tests include LH, FSH, testosterone, prolactin, thyroid hormones and insulin. Enlarged ovaries and multiple follicles are checked using a pelvic ultrasound. Abnormalities can also be detected during a pelvic examination. Timely diagnosis prevents complications and enables the doctors to treat in a more customised fashion.
Diet and PCOD Treatment
The management of PCOD is based on a healthy diet and exercise. Refined carbohydrates and sugars ought to be avoided, and whole grains, vegetables, lean proteins, and healthy fats should be consumed instead. These foods assist in maintaining hormonal balance as well as blood sugar levels. Aerobic and strength exercises performed daily increase insulin sensitivity, aid in weight management, and minimise symptoms.
The PCOD Treatment has no ultimate cure, and it is designed to manage the symptoms and complications. Hormonal contraceptives may be administered by doctors to normalise periods. They may also prescribe metformin in order to increase insulin sensitivity. Clomiphene or letrozole are used as ovulatory drugs. Anti-androgen drugs are used in the treatment of acne and baldness. In case of ineffectiveness of medication, laparoscopic ovarian drilling may be considered.
In case of any specialist assistance, go to a clinic dealing with a pcos clinic near me so that they can offer you complete care. A Pcos Doctor in Delhi will help you with individual assessment and treatment. Good follow-ups and early diagnosis have a great impact on fertility and long-term outcomes.
Conclusion
PCOD is a condition that is capable of being handled successfully, provided it is diagnosed at an early stage, you adhere to healthy lifestyles, and you consult healthcare providers regularly. Most women can maintain their cycles, contain their symptoms, and live healthily with the right assistance. Timely referral to a qualified physician is required, and a proper diet and exercise are to be maintained to maintain hormonal balance in case you think you have PCOD.
Frequently asked questions (FAQs).
Can PCOD be cured completely?
PCOD has no lasting treatment, but the symptoms of this condition can be controlled successfully through lifestyle modifications, healthy nutrition, and medical drugs prescribed by a physician.
Are PCOD and PCOS the same?
No. PCOD means the existence of cysts due to the immature eggs. PCOS is a more serious hormonal and metabolic disease, accompanied by an increased androgen level and fertility problems.
What foods help manage PCOD?
Healthy fats, lean proteins, fruits, vegetables, and whole grains contribute to hormonal balance. Do not use refined sugars, processed foods, or trans fats.
